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Sara Owens
Ms. Haffley
Position Paper
2 March 2009
Drinking Age
Alcohol has become a major part of American culture, including among teenagers even if it is illegal. The current drinking age in Indiana is 21, as is most other states in the U.S. It has been contemplated whether or not lowering the drinking age would have positive or negative effects on teen drinking. A few problems involving lowering the drinking age would be that teens under 18 would be able to get alcohol more easily and therefore kids would begin drinking even earlier, the brain is not fully developed yet, and that other overall problems involving underage drinking would increase. On the other hand, there are several issues that would be resolved if the drinking age was lowered. For instance, kids would stop getting in trouble with the law, especially in college when underage drinking is almost unavoidable. Also the social structure in which underage drinking exists would be reestablished into something like that of the drinking status in Europe where alcohol is just part of the culture and consequently does not have the “rebel” status that it does in the United States. You would also have one year of parental support before you go to college if alcohol consumption was legal at 18. While alcohol is a prominent temptation in the lives of many teens, if the hanging threat of getting caught and getting in trouble no longer existed, the fruit would be much less tempting. Lowering the drinking age would give teens more time to learn how to drink responsibly.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, youth who consume alcohol are more likely to experience school problems, such as higher absence and poor or failing grades, social problems, such as fighting and lack of participation in youth activities, legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone while drunk, physical problems, such as hangovers or illnesses, unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity, disruption of normal growth and sexual development, physical and sexual assault, Higher risk for suicide and homicide, alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning, memory problems, abuse of other drugs, changes in brain development that may have life-long effects, and death from alcohol poisoning (www.cdc.gov).Â
But, no matter what age you are, there are still many harmful effects that stem from the consumption of alcohol. Other than the damage that can be done externally while intoxicated, internal effects such as damaging the brain also occur. Ken Bode, a writer for the Indianapolis Star, wrote an article called “Don’t hand teens over to alcohol industry.” In it, he explained that 80% of college students are younger than the drinking age, but 80% of them still drink. Not only do they drink, but they binge drink, or drink for the purpose of passing out. When a person passes out from drinking too much, it is because the alcohol totally shuts down the hippocampus, the same part of the brain’s temporal lobe that is damaged by Alzheimer’s and epilepsy. This is part of the reason why memory is lost and judgement is obscured while intoxicated. It has also been found that the brain is not fully developed until age 24 which means that underage drinking would start causing damage earlier on (Bode 1). However, if 80% of college students are drinking anyway then this damage is still occurring, it is just occurring illegally.
Dee Owens, president of the Indiana Coalition to Reduce Underage Drinking, who has had 30 years of alcohol and drug related work, also does not agree to lowering the drinking age. He said, “If you push the legal age down, the age of first onset will go down as well which means more high school students will get it easier.” (Bode 1). He believes that if the drinking age is lowered to 18, high school seniors would be able to legally purchase and consume alcohol and therefore buy it for their underage friends. After interviewing 5 current high school students, it was found that this would be true. All five of them admitted that it would be much easier for them to get ahold of alcohol if it was legal for 18 year olds to buy it for them or they could just buy it themselves. Yet most of them said that if they want alcohol, they just call someone who is 21 to get it for them. However, when asked if having alcohol more easily available would make them drink more at once or more regularly, they said it would not. It would only be less than a hassle, but just because there would be more sources available, does not mean they would drink more.Â
Four out of the five students who were interviewed said they would support lowering the drinking age to 18. One reason for their support was that if at 18 years old, you are responsible enough to go to war, vote, and buy tobacco, then you should be responsible enough to buy and consume alcohol. Part of the Amethyst Initiative Statement says, Adults under 21 are deemed capable of voting, signing contracts, serving on juries and enlisting in the military, but are told they are not mature enough to have a beer. By choosing to use fake IDs, students make ethical compromises that erode respect for the law.” (www.amethystinitiative.org). Furthermore, just because 18 year olds are able to buy cigarettes does not mean that every 18 year old buys them. Also, teenagers drink more than they should because they feel like they need to do it in private and they drink more all at once because they do not know when the next time will be when it is available to them. By lowering the drinking age, teens would be able to drink responsibly with their parents or other adults around and will be more used to it and less likely to abuse it.
Although, when asked if they thought binge drinking would increase or decrease with the lowering of the drinking age, the results were mixed. Two students said at first it would increase because it is a new fad, but eventually it would decrease because kids will learn sooner how do drink in moderation and it will become more like the European drinking culture. “Basically, it is a difference of philosophy. In Europe, the consensus is that when alcohol is not exiled into a corner of society, it is demystified, and therefore a less alluring vice.” (Frantz 1). It would not be as fun to drink because it would not be a risk anymore. It would not be as exciting or rebellious. One student said it would decrease altogether because you would get more adjusted to it earlier and be less likely to abuse it later on because you would know your limits already. However another student said that the drinking age is fine where it is now because 18 year olds are not mature enough for the responsibility of drinking whereas at 21 you are ready. The overwhelming reason why these students would not support the drinking age would be because kids would start drinking earlier and the high school gap would open.
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Drinking responsibly seems like it should be common sense, but kids cannot learn to drink responsibly if they are already moved out of the house by the time it is legal for them to drink. Allowing 18 year olds to consume alcohol would provide an opportunity to drink comfortably with parents and adults and have alcohol become a social tool rather than a forbidden fruit where the temptation involved is the reason for the risk. While this call to action against underage drinking may seem to go against the norms of our society, the fact that teens consume alcohol is nothing new. Living up to the facts of underage drinking and lowering the drinking age will help our youth to learn the responsibilities and consequences of the use of alcohol. Works Cited
5 anonymous interviews. telephone interview. 2 March 2009.
Amethyst Intitiative: Rethink the Drinking Age. 2 March 2008. <http:// www.amethystinitiative.org/statement/>.
Bode, Ken. “Don’t hand teens over to alcohol industry.” Indianapolis Star 12 December 2008: A12.
Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Quick Stats Underage Drinking.” 2008. 2 March 2009. <http:// www.cdc.gov/Alcohol/quickstats/underage_drinking.htm>.
Frantz, Jeff. “Europeans Learn Responsible Drinking.” Alcohol Problems and Solutions. 2007. State University of New York. 2 March 2009. <http:// www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/YouthIssues/1077563832.html>.